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OPERA
Birth

  • Count of Bardi's cultural circle in Florence: "Camerata Fiorentina".

  • NObles, wise men, philosophers, poets, musicians tried to resuscitate Greek classical theatre.

  • Use of accompanied monody: emphasize the expression of the word.

  • "Euridice (J.Peri), "Euridice" (G.Caccini), L'Orfeo (C.Monteverdi)

Characteristics

  • Use of stage performance

  • It's written for orchestra, choirs and soloists.

  • Parts:

  - overture: instrumental introduction

- sung parts: for soloists (main        (characters) and choirs.

aria style: for emotional texts

            recitative style: more agile progress of the action.

       - interludes: instrumental sections in      order to join the different parts of the opera.

 

Types of opera

OPERA SERIA

  • Plots based on mythological and heroic topics written in Italian.

  • Use of "castratti": male singers castrated before puberty in order to avoid voice change

  • Favorite genre of aristocracy.

  • A.Scarlatti, G.F.Haendel

OPERA BUFFA

  • Plots based on dauly life, characters closer to the audience.

  • Simple music.

  • Peculiar Characteristics in every nation:

  • FRANCE: "Tragédie lyrique": J.B.Lully

  • ENGLAND:H.Purcell "Dido and Aeneas"

  • GERMANY: "Singspiel"

  • SPAIN: "Zarzuela", José de Nebra.Name taken from the palace where 'Felipe IV' used to attend different stage plays. The palace where situated in a spot full of brambles.

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