ROMANTICISM
Cristina Montins Ortiz
Federico Escribano Huertas
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Opera underwent a great development and became the wealthy bourgeoisei's favourite performance. .
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Big theatres were built and singers became tue "stars" thanks to the vocal brilliance of their arias.
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HOme of opera.
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Transition:
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The "bel canto": for singers to shine.
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"Verismo": with more realistic plots and characters.
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Peak of the Italian opera
NESUNN DORMA (PUCCINI)
LA TRAVIATA (VERDI)
L'ELISIR D'AMORE
NORMA
PAGLIACCI
LA BOHEME, TOSCA
MADAME BUTTERFLY
NABUCCO,
RIGOLETTO
LA TRAVIATA, AIDA
VA PENSIERO (NABUCCO: G.VERDI): based on the Bible story about the king Nebuchadnezzar.It became the patriotic hymn of the Italian "Risorgimento", which achieved the unification of the country in 1861
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Creator of the "grand opera": large set designs and ballets.
LES HUGUENOTS
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Main representative of "operetta": humor and dialogs.
ORPHEUS IN THE UNDERWORLD
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CARMEN: popular dances and themes; set in Seville.
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Initiator of the Romantic opera.
THE MARKSMAN
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The great figure of German opera.
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He conceived opera as a "total work of art": poetry, music, set design and action put together, in order to create a continuous "musical drama".
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Orquestra had a leading role.
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Use of the leitmotiv: it represents all kinds of objects, characters and emotions.
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Texts were written by Wagner himself, inspired by German mythology.
THE RING OF THE NIBELUNGS: inspired by German legends about gods, mortal heroes and Nibelungs, a race of dwarves who live in the kingdom of shadows.
TRISTAN AND ISEULT
RIDE OF THE VALKYRIES (The Valkyrie: Ther Ring of the Nibelungs)
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"Zarzuela grande": 3 acts, larger musical development
EL BARBERILLO DE LAVAPIES
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"Género chico": single act with less characters and predominance of the spoken text over the sung text.
LA GRAN VÍA (F.Chueca)
LA VERBENA DE LA PALOMA (T.Bretón)